But concerns about the nature of their operations have increased over time, especially now that UJA Federation of Greater Toronto spun off the Jewish Security Network (JSN), which operates as an independent agency.

Demand for increased protection has grown during a year of increased attacks and protests that have repeatedly targeted synagogues, businesses and events.

Plus, according to Toronto Police Service (TPS) statistics, suspected or confirmed hate crimes have disproportionately targeted Jewish communities. Since last Oct. 7, about 45 percent of hate-crime occurrences in police reports are antisemitic.

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By Jonathan Rothman